خواص اثبات شده قارچ گانودرما در مقالات علمی

مقاله جداسازی و تحلیل قارچ گانودرما

Ganoderic acids (GAs) were bioactive secondary metabolites produced by a traditional mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. We describe a simple and efficient method for the separation and quantitative determination of four GAs, namely Ganoderic acid T (GA-T), Ganoderic acid Mk (GA-Mk), Ganoderic acid Me (GA-Me) and Ganoderic acid S (GA-S) from dried triterpene-enriched extracts of G. lucidum mycelia powder by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Under the optimum conditions, the four GAs eached the baseline separation in 9 min with Glycyrrhetinic acid (GTA) as internal standard. The four GAs and internal standard (GTA) were detected at a wavelength 245 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2

مقاله دوم

Ganoderic acids (GAs) were bioactive secondary metabolites produced by a traditional mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. We describe a simple and efficient method for the separation and quantitative determination of four GAs, namely Ganoderic acid T (GA-T), Ganoderic acid Mk (GA-Mk), Ganoderic acid Me (GA-Me) and Ganoderic acid S (GA-S) from dried triterpene-enriched extracts of G. lucidum mycelia powder by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Under the optimum conditions, the four GAs eached the baseline separation in 9 min with Glycyrrhetinic acid (GTA) as internal standard. The four GAs and internal standard (GTA) were detected at a wavelength 245 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r20.9958) within test ranges. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of uantification (LOQ) were less than 0.6 and 1.8 g/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values of precision and recoveries were less than 5% and recoveries ranged from 91.4% to 103.6%. This was the first report on simultaneous determination of the four GAs and the results provided a firm basis for the trace analysis of GAs in dried fermentation mycelia powder of G. lucidum with high accuracy.

مقاله سوم

The present paper describes a novel, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
(LC–MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of ganoderic acids C2 ,B,A,H,DinGanoderma
lucidum and its related species. Ganoderma samples were prepared using simple ultrasonic extraction.
Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent Zorbax XDB C18 column (250 mm
×
4.6 mm
i.d., 5m) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, water and formic acid (42:58:0.5,
v/v/v). Mass spectrometric detection was achieved by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped
with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface operating in negative and positive
ionization mode via a single within-run polarity switching. Quantitation of five ganoderic acids was performed
using selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than
6.2% and the accuracy ranged from 90.0% to 105.7%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 20.0–40.0 ng/mL
and the limit of detection (LOD) was 3.0–25.0 ng/mL. With this method, low levels of ganoderic acids in
the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense and Ganoderma applanatum were accurately quantified for the
first time. Importantly, the method allows unequivocal quantification of the five ganoderic acids in the
spores and fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, whereas the previously published methods have lacked
the capability. The method presented will be a powerful tool for quality control of Ganoderma lucidum
and its related species.

مقاله چهارم

Ganoderma lucidum is one of most widely used herbal medicine and functional food in Asia, and ganoderic acids (GAs) are its active ingredients. Regulation of GA biosynthesis and enhancing GA production are critical to using G. lucidum as a medicine. However, regulation of GA biosynthesis by various signaling remains poorly understood. This study investigated the role of apoptosis signaling on GA biosynthesis and presented a novel approach, namely apoptosis induction, to increasing GA production. Aspirin was able to induce cell apoptosis in G. lucidum, which was identified by terminal
deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUPT nick end labeling assay positive staining and a ondensed nuclear morphology. The maximum induction of lanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-3a-01-26-oic acid (ganoderic acid 24, GA24) production and total GA production by aspirin were 2.7-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively, after 1 day. Significantly lower levels of GA 24 and total GAs were obtained after regular fungal culture for 1.5 months. ROS accumulation and phosphorylation of Hog-1 kinase, a putative homolog of MAPK p38 in mammals, occurred after aspirin treatment indicating that both factors may be involved in GA biosynthetic regulation. However, aspirin also reduced expression of the squalene synthase and lanosterol synthase coding genes, suggesting that these genes are not critical for GA induction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that GA biosynthesis is linked to fungal apoptosis and provides a new approach to enhancing secondary metabolite production in fungi.